Introduction For over the past two decades. Iran has experienced a total fertility rate below the replacement level (Alimoradian et al. 2023) with the ideal number of children hovering around 2. 5 (Razeghi Nasrabad & Abbasi-Shavazi. https://www.bekindtopets.com/super-pick-Rx-Quadruple-Topical-Ointment-Quadritrop-for-Dogs-Cats-30-mL-super-grab/