Characterization of unsteady loads is critical for the development of control systems for next-generation air vehicles. Both Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) methods are prohibitively expensive. and existing Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) approaches have been shown to be inadequate in predicting both mean and unsteady loads. In recent years. https://desmohearts.shop/product-category/merc/